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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Multimodal Nonlinear Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging Using Line-Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy
Published on: December 1, 2023
Three-dimensional visualization of the first hyperpolarizability tensor
Adam Tuer1, Serguei Krouglov, Richard Cisek
1Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada. adam.tuer@utoronto.ca
Abstract:
With polarization dependent second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy becoming a more popular method for investigating the structure of biological materials, there is a need to develop tools with which to understand and interpret the observed SHG properties. Quantum mechanical calculations of the hyperpolarizability tensor have become a popular method for understanding the SHG properties of biomolecules. Visualization of the full hyperpolarizability tensor, termed the unit sphere representation, has been developed to provide insight and intuition on the relationship between SHG properties and molecules. A single vector representation is also presented, which approximates the SHG properties of molecules for certain cases, where the anisotropy is negligible.
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