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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Influenza

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

[Flu vaccination in the elderly].

Gloria Mato Chaín¹, Alberto Mariano Lázaro, Florentina Alcudia Pérez

¹Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España. gmato.hcsc@salud.madrid.org

Revista Espanola De Geriatria Y Gerontologia

|March 11, 2011

Summary

Seasonal influenza poses significant health risks for older adults. This review examines flu

Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Immunology

Context:

Seasonal influenza (flu) is a major public health concern for the elderly, causing significant illness, death, and economic burden.
Vaccination is a key strategy for preventing flu in this vulnerable population.

Purpose:

To review the scope and significance of seasonal flu in the elderly.
To detail flu vaccine composition, dosage, administration, safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness.
To highlight variations in vaccination age recommendations and propose improved strategies for Spain.

Summary:

This review synthesizes current knowledge on seasonal influenza in the elderly, emphasizing its impact and the role of vaccination.
It provides an updated overview of flu vaccines, including their characteristics and efficacy.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

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The study identifies inconsistencies in vaccination policies and suggests new strategies to increase coverage in Spain.

Impact:

Provides a comprehensive overview of seasonal flu and vaccination for the elderly.
Informs public health policy and clinical practice regarding flu prevention in older adults.
Aims to improve flu vaccination rates and reduce the burden of influenza in Spain.