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Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges

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Cranial Meninges
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Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats
04:12

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Published on: March 28, 2025

Are arachnoid cysts localized hydrocephali?

Tae-Gon Kim1, Dong-Seok Kim, Joong-Uhn Choi

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Bundang CHA Hospital, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam-city, Korea.

Pediatric Neurosurgery
|March 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Head trauma in infancy may cause arachnoid cysts, potentially as localized hydrocephali. This study supports the hypothesis linking infantile head trauma to arachnoid cyst development.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Arachnoid cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in the brain.
  • The pathogenesis of arachnoid cysts, particularly in infants, is not fully understood.
  • Previous research suggests a potential link between infantile head trauma and arachnoid cyst formation.

Observation:

  • Two cases of arachnoid cysts in infants are presented.
  • Case 1: A 1-year-old girl developed an arachnoid cyst 7 months after head trauma from a motor vehicle accident.
  • Case 2: A 1-year-old boy had an arachnoid cyst noted 2 months after premature birth.

Findings:

  • Serial imaging was used to track cyst development in both cases.
  • The findings support the hypothesis that head trauma in infancy can contribute to arachnoid cyst pathogenesis.

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  • The study postulates that these arachnoid cysts may represent localized hydrocephali.

    • Implications:

    • This research supports the hypothesis linking infantile head trauma to arachnoid cyst development.
    • The findings suggest that prematurity may also play a role in the pathogenesis of these cysts.
    • Arachnoid cysts might be a form of localized hydrocephalus triggered by trauma or prematurity in infants.