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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Layers of the Heart Wall01:15

Layers of the Heart Wall

The heart wall comprises three distinct layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The outermost layer, the epicardium, is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium, featuring a thin, transparent mesothelial surface and an inner layer of areolar connective tissue with fat deposits that increase with age.
The myocardium, the thickest layer, consists of cardiac muscle cells interconnected by intercalated discs and crisscrossing connective tissue fibers. These muscle fibers contract...
Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart
08:24

Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart

Published on: August 23, 2018

Infiltrative diseases of the heart.

Masarrath J Moinuddin1, Vincent Figueredo, Aman M Amanullah

  • 1Einstein Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Albert Einstein Medical Center, and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|March 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Infiltrative cardiomyopathies, including sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, and amyloidosis, are rare restrictive heart conditions. Early diagnosis via noninvasive testing is crucial for timely treatment and improved outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Pathology

Background:

  • Infiltrative diseases affecting the heart are a subset of restrictive cardiomyopathies.
  • These conditions are rare, leading to frequent underdiagnosis and delayed treatment.
  • Early diagnosis is vital to manage the detrimental effects of these cardiac pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence of three common infiltrative cardiomyopathies: sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, and amyloidosis.
  • To summarize the pathology, diagnosis, disease progression, and therapeutic strategies for infiltrative cardiomyopathy.
  • To highlight the role of noninvasive testing in diagnosing these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on infiltrative cardiomyopathies.
  • Analysis of prevalence data for sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, and amyloidosis.
  • Synthesis of information on diagnostic modalities, particularly noninvasive testing.

Main Results:

  • Infiltrative cardiomyopathy presents a variable prognosis contingent on the underlying etiology.
  • The condition is progressive and can result in premature mortality if left untreated.
  • Noninvasive testing plays a significant role in the diagnostic process.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis of infiltrative cardiomyopathy is essential for effective management.
  • Understanding the specific etiology guides prognosis and treatment decisions.
  • Noninvasive diagnostic tools are valuable for identifying these rare cardiac conditions.