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Updated: Jun 3, 2026
06:57
Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
Published on: February 12, 2021
Three physiotherapy protocols: effects on pulmonary volumes after cardiac surgery.
Cristina Márcia Dias1, Raquel de Oliveira Vieira, Juliana Flávia Oliveira
1Centro Universitário Augusto Motta-UNISUAM, Augusto Motta University Center- Department of Physiotherapy, Hospital de Força Aérea do Galeão-HFAG, Galeão Air Force Hospital-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. crismdias@gmail.com
Summary
In cardiac surgery patients, both incentive spirometry (IS) and breath stacking (BS) improved inspiratory volume and forced vital capacity (FVC) recovery. The BS technique yielded higher inspiratory volumes compared to IS post-surgery.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation
- Respiratory Physiology
Background:
- Cardiac surgery can impair respiratory function, leading to decreased forced vital capacity (FVC).
- Early respiratory interventions are crucial for postoperative recovery in cardiac patients.
- Incentive spirometry (IS) and breath stacking (BS) are techniques used to improve lung volumes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess inspiratory volume changes in cardiac surgery patients.
- To compare the effects of IS and BS on FVC recovery post-cardiac surgery.
Main Methods:
- A randomized clinical trial involving 35 cardiac surgery patients.
- Patients were divided into exercise control, IS, and BS groups.
- Forced spirometry and inspiratory volume measurements were taken preoperatively and on postoperative days 1-5.
Main Results:
- FVC significantly decreased on postoperative day 1 across all groups.
- Inspiratory volume also decreased significantly in IS and BS groups on day 1.
- FVC showed partial normalization between postoperative days 1 and 5 for all groups.
- The BS group demonstrated significantly higher inspiratory volumes than the IS group during the postoperative period.
Conclusions:
- All three protocols (exercise control, IS, BS) were comparable in promoting FVC recovery within five days post-surgery.
- The breath stacking (BS) technique resulted in greater inspiratory volumes compared to incentive spirometry (IS) in this patient cohort.
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