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Correlation between pigmentation and larval settlement deterrence by Pseudoalteromonas sp. sf57.

Yi-Li Huang¹, Mu Li, Zhiliang Yu

¹Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China.

|March 11, 2011

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Pigmentation in Pseudoalteromonas sp. sf57 biofilms affects marine invertebrate settlement. A white mutant, with increased bacterial density, induced larval settlement, unlike pigmented strains.

Area of Science:

Marine microbiology
Bacterial biofilms
Invertebrate larval settlement

Background:

Pseudoalteromonas sp. sf57 forms biofilms that deter settlement of Hydroides elegans larvae.
Pigmentation is a characteristic of sf57, but its role in deterrence is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between bacterial pigmentation and larval settlement deterrence.
To identify genes involved in regulating pigmentation and its effect on settlement.

Main Methods:

Generating pigmented mutants of sf57 using transposon mutagenesis.
Assessing larval settlement rates on wild-type and mutant biofilms.
Analyzing disrupted genes in mutants to understand regulatory pathways.

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Main Results:

Five groups of pigmented mutants were generated: white, yellow, pink, dark red, and white-to-red.
A white mutant (WM1) with increased biofilm density induced larval settlement.
Other mutants showed varying effects on settlement but did not become inductive.
Disrupted genes involved type II secretion, LysR regulators, NAD(P)-binding proteins, exonuclease, pyruvate metabolism, flagella assembly, and cell membrane processes.

Conclusions:

Bacterial pigmentation and density in sf57 biofilms are critical factors influencing Hydroides elegans larval settlement.
The type II secretion pathway, transcriptional regulators, and metabolic processes are implicated in pigmentation regulation.