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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...

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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
12:08

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Published on: May 22, 2013

Telomere--the twilight to immortality.

Samarth Shukla1, Sourya Acharya, Devendra Rajput

  • 1Dept. of Pathology, JNMC, DMIMS.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|March 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomeres are crucial chromosome components that act as cell division regulators and indicators of cellular aging. Their length influences cell lifespan, senescence, and potential in cancer and cloning applications, with telomerase offering life extension possibilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Telomeres are essential chromosome components that maintain integrity and regulate cell division.
  • Telomere length functions as a cellular clock, determining replicative lifespan and senescence.
  • The enzyme telomerase can elongate telomeres, impacting cellular aging and lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of telomeres in chromosome maintenance and cell division.
  • To explore the function of telomeres as regulators of cellular senescence and replicative capacity.
  • To investigate the clinical implications of telomere regulation in areas such as cancer and cloning.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on telomere biology and function.
  • Analysis of telomere's role in the cell cycle and replicative senescence.
  • Examination of telomerase activity and its impact on cellular lifespan.

Main Results:

  • Telomeres are vital for chromosome stability and govern the number of cell divisions.
  • Diminished telomere length leads to cellular senescence and aging.
  • Telomeres play a role in cloning, cancer cell fate prediction, and overall lifespan extension via telomerase.

Conclusions:

  • Telomeres are critical determinants of cellular lifespan and aging, acting as a 'ticking clock'.
  • Understanding telomere dynamics, including the role of telomerase, has significant clinical implications for regenerative medicine and oncology.
  • Telomere regulation offers potential strategies for enhancing cellular, organ, and organismal longevity.