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Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination

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Arthrometric measurement of ankle-complex motion: normative values.

Neil A Schwarz¹, John E Kovaleski, Robert J Heitman

¹Department of Health & Physical Education, University of South Alabama, Mobile, USA. Neil_Schwarz@baylor.edu

Journal of Athletic Training

|March 12, 2011

Summary

This study establishes normative reference values for ankle-complex motion using an ankle arthrometer. Findings show women generally exhibit greater ankle motion than men, aiding clinical decision-making.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Orthopedics
Sports Medicine

Background:

Established Hollis Ankle Arthrometer for reliable ankle-complex motion measurement.
Identified a lack of published normative data for ankle arthrometry in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize ankle-complex motion in uninjured individuals.
To establish normative reference values for ankle arthrometry.
To support research and clinical decision-making in ankle injuries.

Main Methods:

Descriptive laboratory study involving 100 participants (50 men, 50 women).
Ankle-complex motion assessed using an ankle arthrometer with anteroposterior (AP) and inversion-eversion (I-E) loading.
Measurements included AP displacement (mm) at 125 N and I-E rotation (degrees) at 4 Nm.

Main Results:

Women demonstrated greater ankle-complex motion across most variables compared to men.
Total AP displacement was 18.79 ± 4.1 mm in women vs. 16.70 ± 4.8 mm in men (P < .01).
Total I-E rotation was 42.10 ± 9.0 degrees in women vs. 34.13 ± 10.1 degrees in men (P < .001).

Conclusions:

The study provides a foundational database for ankle-complex motion.
Normative data enable clinically relevant comparisons and development of quantitative diagnostic criteria for ankle pathologies.