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Related Concept Videos

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.

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Network perspectives on HDM2 inhibitor chemotherapy combinations.

Asfar S Azmi1, Frances W J Beck, Fazlul H Sarkar

  • 1Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute HWCRC Building 732, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. azmia@karmanos.org

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|March 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Small molecule inhibitors targeting HDM2-p53 interaction show promise in cancer therapy. Combining HDM2 inhibitors with platinum drugs, like oxaliplatin, demonstrates significant antitumor activity, particularly in resistant pancreatic cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Small molecule inhibitors of HDM2-p53 interaction are significant therapeutic developments in p53 research.
  • HDM2 inhibitors activate p53 and show therapeutic utility in various tumor models.
  • HDM2 inhibitors can synergize with chemotherapeutic agents, enhancing efficacy via p53-dependent and independent pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the synergy between HDM2 inhibitors and platinum drugs.
  • To understand the complexity of pathways modulated by p53 and HDM2 in combination therapy.
  • To highlight advancements in HDM2 inhibitor combination therapy using network modeling and systems biology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized integrated gene expression profiling.
  • Employed pathway network modeling on cells treated with MI-219-oxaliplatin.
  • Analyzed HDM2 and p53 as network components rather than in isolation.

Main Results:

  • HDM2 inhibitor and platinum drug combination demonstrated remarkable antitumor activity, achieving tumor-free survival in resistant pancreatic xenografts.
  • Integrated gene expression profiling and pathway network modeling revealed activation of multiple, interconnected biological networks.
  • Findings support a network-centric view of HDM2 and p53 interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Network modeling and systems biology approaches are crucial for decoding the complexity of HDM2-p53 pathways in combination therapy.
  • HDM2 inhibitor combination therapy shows potential for treating resistant cancers.
  • Network-centric approaches are anticipated to advance clinical development of HDM2 inhibitors for personalized cancer medicine.