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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

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Using occupancy models to determine mammalian responses to landscape changes.

Jeremy M Nicholson1, Frank T VAN Manen1

  • 1Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USAUS Geological Survey, Southern Appalachian Research Branch, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.

Integrative Zoology
|March 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anthropogenic landscape changes, like new highways, significantly impact wildlife. Occupancy models revealed a substantial decline in American black bear site occupancy across the entire study area after highway construction.

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Area of Science:

  • Wildlife Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Landscape Ecology

Background:

  • Assessing wildlife population responses to anthropogenic landscape changes is challenging due to study design and sampling limitations.
  • Traditional methods like population density estimation can yield poor inference.
  • Occupancy estimation, based on species detection/non-detection, offers a more robust alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of occupancy models for assessing landscape change impacts on wildlife.
  • To test the hypothesis that a new highway would decrease American black bear (Ursus americanus) site occupancy.
  • To evaluate the relationship between highway proximity and bear occupancy decline.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multi-season occupancy models to estimate site occupancy.
  • Collected data on American black bear visitation before and after the construction of a four-lane highway in North Carolina.
  • Analyzed occupancy as a function of distance to the new highway.

Main Results:

  • Site occupancy for American black bears declined significantly from 0.81 to 0.35 between the pre- and post-highway phases.
  • The decline in occupancy was not correlated with the distance to the new highway.
  • The highway's impact on occupancy was observed across the entire study area.

Conclusions:

  • Occupancy models provide powerful inference for understanding landscape change effects on species.
  • The new highway negatively impacted American black bear occupancy throughout the study region.
  • Occupancy surveys are valuable for large mammals, especially in rapidly developing areas with expanding infrastructure.