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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of many...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions01:23

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions

Drug interactions are a critical aspect of pharmacology and can occur when two or more drugs compete for the same binding site. This competition can result in one drug displacing another, altering the effect of the displaced drug. Drug interactions are complex processes that rely heavily on how much of the displacer drug is present and how strongly it can bind to the same sites as the displaced drug.
Displacement interactions can have varying outcomes, ranging from toxicity to virtually...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions
07:40

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions

Published on: May 27, 2021

Clopidogrel-drug interactions.

Eric R Bates1, Wei C Lau, Dominick J Angiolillo

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. ebates@umich.edu

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|March 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug interactions with clopidogrel are common but may not significantly impact cardiovascular events. Statins and proton pump inhibitors should not be withheld due to potential clopidogrel interactions.

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Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function
06:47

Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions
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Published on: May 27, 2021

Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function
06:47

Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function

Published on: November 8, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Drug Metabolism

Background:

  • Clopidogrel is a prodrug requiring cytochrome P450 (CYP) activation for its antiplatelet effect.
  • Many coadministered drugs, including statins and proton pump inhibitors, can alter clopidogrel metabolism.
  • Potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) raise concerns in patients with coronary artery disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical significance of pharmacodynamic DDIs involving clopidogrel.
  • To assess the impact of these interactions on adverse cardiovascular events.
  • To provide guidance on managing potential clopidogrel DDIs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pharmacodynamic studies on clopidogrel metabolism.
  • Analysis of clinical data regarding cardiovascular events in patients taking clopidogrel with interacting drugs.
  • Assessment of evidence for clinical significance of DDIs.

Main Results:

  • Pharmacodynamic studies show various drugs inhibit or induce CYP-mediated activation of clopidogrel.
  • There is no consistent evidence linking clopidogrel DDIs to adverse cardiovascular events.
  • Statins and proton pump inhibitors have demonstrated benefits in reducing adverse events.

Conclusions:

  • Clinically significant adverse cardiovascular events due to clopidogrel DDIs are not consistently proven.
  • Essential therapies like statins and proton pump inhibitors should not be withheld.
  • Alternative P2Y₁₂ inhibitors or non-interacting gastroprotective agents are options for concerned clinicians.