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Updated: Jun 3, 2026
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Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
Published on: April 25, 2016
Adrenocortical insufficiency in horses and foals
Kelsey A Hart1, Michelle H Barton
1Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA. khart4@uga.edu
The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|March 12, 2011
Summary
Critical illness can cause temporary adrenal dysfunction, known as relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) or critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI). This condition impacts cortisol levels and can worsen outcomes in sick horses and foals.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Equine Health
Background:
- The adrenal cortex produces vital steroid hormones.
- Permanent adrenocortical insufficiency is rare.
- Transient dysfunction, termed relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) or critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI), is increasingly recognized in critical illness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms, diagnosis, and clinical consequences of adrenocortical insufficiency.
- To focus on the current understanding of RAI/CIRCI in horses and foals.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on adrenocortical insufficiency.
- Focus on studies related to critical illness in humans and equines.
- Synthesis of information on RAI/CIRCI.
Main Results:
- Emerging evidence suggests RAI/CIRCI frequently develops during critical illness.
- This syndrome can significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality.
- Understanding of RAI/CIRCI in horses and foals is evolving.
Conclusions:
- RAI/CIRCI is a significant clinical consideration in critically ill horses and foals.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and optimize diagnosis and treatment.
- Recognizing and managing RAI/CIRCI may improve outcomes for affected animals.
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