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Related Concept Videos

Structuralism01:26

Structuralism

Structuralism, an early psychological theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Bradford Titchener, sought to dissect the human mind into its most fundamental components. Wundt's groundbreaking work in his laboratory set the stage for Titchener to define structuralism's goal as cataloging the "atoms" of the mind—sensations, images, and feelings—akin to how chemists identify elements of matter.
Titchener's approach to structuralism was unique. He employed introspection, a method...
Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the concrete...
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Growth versus Fixed Mindset

Carol Dweck introduced the term mindset to describe individuals' beliefs about their intellectual and personal capabilities. These beliefs significantly influence psychological processes such as motivation, goal-setting, and perseverance, ultimately shaping academic and life outcomes. Individuals generally possess one of two mindsets- a fixed or a growth mindset—each promoting different responses to success, failure, and challenge.Fixed vs. Growth MindsetA fixed mindset assumes that one's...
Natural and Artificial Concepts01:24

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In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint Vincent in...
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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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How to grow a mind: statistics, structure, and abstraction.

Joshua B Tenenbaum1, Charles Kemp, Thomas L Griffiths

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. jbt@mit.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human learning and cognitive development involve making inferences beyond available data. This review explores computational models for reverse-engineering human thought and creating humanlike machine learning systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Human cognition demonstrates an ability to make inferences that extend significantly beyond directly available data.
  • Understanding this capacity is crucial for both cognitive science and artificial intelligence research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current approaches to reverse-engineering human learning and cognitive development.
  • To explore the engineering of more humanlike machine learning (ML) systems.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on computational models employing probabilistic inference.
  • Utilize hierarchies of flexibly structured representations.

Main Results:

  • These models offer insights into how abstract knowledge guides learning from sparse data.
  • They address the nature and acquisition of abstract knowledge across domains.
  • They explore the forms human knowledge takes.

Conclusions:

  • Probabilistic inference models provide a framework for understanding human learning and cognitive development.
  • This research bridges the gap between human cognition and artificial intelligence.