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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of patients who died from...

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Tumorsphere Derivation and Treatment from Primary Tumor Cells Isolated from Mouse Rhabdomyosarcomas
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Cancer Stem Cells and Pediatric Solid Tumors.

Gregory K Friedman1, G Yancey Gillespie

  • 1Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.

Cancers
|March 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric solid tumor-initiating cells (TSC) differ from adult TSC. Understanding these pediatric TSC, their markers, and microenvironment is crucial for developing targeted therapies against pediatric cancers.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Tumor-initiating cells (TIC), also known as tumor stem cells (TSC), are a subpopulation of cells found in solid tumors.
  • These cells share characteristics with normal stem cells, including self-renewal and multipotency, and are often resistant to conventional therapies.
  • Most research on TSC has focused on adult cancers, with limited understanding of their role in pediatric malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on pediatric solid tumor-initiating cells (TSC).
  • To highlight differences between adult and pediatric TSC, considering distinct tumor biology in pediatric cancers.
  • To explore key aspects of pediatric TSC, including markers, microenvironment, signaling pathways, and therapeutic resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on pediatric solid TSC.

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Isolation and Characterization of a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subpopulation Having Stem Cell Characteristics
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Isolation and Characterization of a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subpopulation Having Stem Cell Characteristics

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  • Focus on identifying and discussing TSC markers specific to pediatric solid tumors.
  • Analysis of the tumor microenvironment's influence on pediatric TSC behavior.
  • Examination of signaling pathways implicated in pediatric TSC.
  • Review of therapeutic resistance mechanisms in pediatric TSC.
  • Exploration of potential future therapeutic strategies targeting pediatric TSC.

    • Main Results:

    • Pediatric solid TSC exhibit unique characteristics compared to their adult counterparts due to differences in tumor biology.
    • Specific TSC markers, the tumor microenvironment, and signaling pathways play critical roles in pediatric malignancies.
    • Pediatric TSC demonstrate distinct patterns of therapeutic resistance, necessitating tailored treatment approaches.
    • Current research indicates a need for further investigation into pediatric TSC biology and therapeutic targeting.

    Conclusions:

    • Pediatric solid TSC represent a critical area for research due to their unique properties and implications for treatment resistance.
    • Targeting pediatric TSC holds significant promise for developing more effective therapies for childhood cancers.
    • Further studies are essential to fully elucidate the biology of pediatric TSC and translate these findings into clinical applications.