Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
The equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented as the formation constant...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Heteroleptic [Cr<sup>III</sup>N<sub>6</sub>] Chromophores as Partners for Lanthanide-Based Light Conversion in d-f Molecular Complexes.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Tailoring exciplex formation in metal-induced supramolecular organization.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Flow-induced dispersion analysis for probing cyclodextrin-guest binding interactions.

European biophysics journal : EBJ·2026
Same author

Peptide-Guided Photodynamic Therapy via Integrin αvβ6 in Pancreatic Cancer.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Microbubble-free mechanical sonoporation for MR-guided drug delivery in solid tumours: a proof-of-concept study.

Drug delivery and translational research·2026
Same author

Solution Structures and Dynamics of Diamagnetic Lu- and Y-DOTAM/Fluoride Ternary Complexes: The Role of <sup>19</sup>F-CEST in the Detection of the Complex Fluoride Speciation.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Postsynthetic modification of N-heterocyclic diazoolefins <i>via</i> backbone metallation.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same journal

Lanthanide-based MOFs derived from 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-2-oxapropane.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same journal

Improving the anticancer efficacy of azole-platinum(II) complexes through a Pluronic® micelle formulation strategy.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same journal

Isolation of a trigonal bipyramidal Mn(II) diradical complex with an intermediate spin state (<i>S</i> = 3/2).

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same journal

Novel ruthenium(II) complexes bearing polypyridyl and 1,2,4-oxadiazole ligands: from synthesis to <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> anticancer evaluation.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same journal

Halogen substitution of aromatic cations for phase transition control and high-efficiency luminescence in 0D manganese-based hybrid perovskites.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

Structure, stability and relaxivity of trinuclear triangular complexes.

Soumaila Zebret1, Elena Torres, Enzo Terreno

  • 1Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry University of Geneva, 30 quai E.-Ansermet1211, Geneva, Switzerland.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|March 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized triangular trinuclear europium and gadolinium complexes. These lanthanide complexes show potential for multimodal responsive systems, with detailed characterization of their structure, water exchange, and stability.

More Related Videos

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Luminescent Materials

Background:

  • Lanthanide complexes are explored for their unique luminescent and magnetic properties.
  • Developing multimodal responsive systems requires careful ligand design and metal ion selection.
  • Carbonylpyridine-based ligands offer versatile coordination environments for lanthanide ions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize gadolinium(III) analogues of previously synthesized europium(III) trinuclear complexes.
  • To investigate the water exchange and relaxivity properties of the gadolinium complexes for potential MRI applications.
  • To determine the thermodynamic stability of the europium complexes and their interactions with competing ligands.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography for structural determination.
  • (1)H NMRD and variable temperature studies for water exchange and relaxivity.
  • Spectrophotometric and NMR/fluorimetry titrations for stability and exchange studies.

Main Results:

  • Isostructural triangular trinuclear gadolinium(III) and europium(III) complexes were synthesized.
  • Water exchange parameters and relaxivity were elucidated for the gadolinium complexes.
  • Thermodynamic stability constants of europium complexes were determined, and their interactions with EDTA and NTA were studied.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized lanthanide complexes are suitable for developing multimodal responsive systems.
  • The gadolinium complexes exhibit promising properties for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents.
  • The stability and ligand interactions provide insights for designing advanced functional materials.