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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials
09:46

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Published on: July 8, 2021

Calcium hydroxide: study based on scientific evidences.

Carlos Estrela1, Roberto Holland

  • 1Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil.

Journal of Applied Oral Science : Revista FOB
|March 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Calcium hydroxide promotes mineralized bridge formation for pulpal protection and effectively inactivates a broad spectrum of bacteria. Using it as a temporary dressing between appointments enhances periapical healing.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Microbiology
  • Endodontics

Background:

  • Calcium hydroxide's biological and antimicrobial properties stem from its dissociation into calcium and hydroxyl ions.
  • These ions interact with tissues and bacteria, explaining its therapeutic effects in endodontic treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review scientific evidence on the efficacy of calcium hydroxide in endodontics.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind its pulpal protection and antimicrobial actions.
  • To evaluate its impact on periapical healing.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective literature review based on scientific evidence.
  • Analysis of studies investigating calcium hydroxide's effects on dentin, pulpal tissue, and microorganisms.
  • Evaluation of clinical outcomes related to periapical healing.

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Main Results:

  • Calcium hydroxide induces the formation of a mineralized bridge over pulpal tissue, serving as an effective dentin barrier.
  • Sufficient contact time allows high hydroxyl ion concentrations to inactivate bacteria by altering enzymatic activity.
  • Its mechanism of action on cytoplasmic membrane enzymes makes it effective against a wide range of aerobic, anaerobic, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Calcium hydroxide as a temporary dressing between appointments improves periapical healing compared to single-appointment treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium hydroxide is a valuable agent for pulpal protection and inducing hard tissue formation.
  • Its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity is crucial for managing endodontic infections.
  • Inter-appointment use of calcium hydroxide enhances periapical tissue regeneration and healing outcomes.