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Related Concept Videos

The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...
Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
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Behavior Therapy01:22

Behavior Therapy

Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
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Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion01:20

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences physiological...
Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview01:26

Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

Trait anxiety modulates anterior cingulate activation to threat interference.

Heide Klumpp1, S Shaun Ho, Stephan F Taylor

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. heidek@umich.edu

Depression and Anxiety
|March 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Higher trait anxiety is linked to reduced anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity when processing angry faces, suggesting impaired attentional control for interpersonal threat signals in healthy individuals.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

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Published on: September 12, 2014

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08:17

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Published on: July 19, 2017

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychopathology

Background:

  • Individual differences exist in how threatening stimuli disrupt cognitive processes.
  • High attention to threat and difficulty resolving interference may contribute to anxiety.
  • Frontal brain regions, like the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), are involved in attentional control and emotional interference resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between trait anxiety and ACC activity during an attentional control task with varying threat levels.
  • To explore the role of the ACC in mediating the effects of threat on cognitive processes in relation to anxiety.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used on 20 healthy participants with varying trait anxiety levels.
  • Participants viewed angry, fearful, and neutral faces superimposed on scenes, performing either an 'Attend Face' or 'Attend Scene' task.
  • Whole-brain analysis compared brain activity between conditions, correlating contrasts with trait anxiety levels.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral data confirmed greater threat interference in the 'Attend Face' condition.
  • Trait anxiety was inversely associated with bilateral rostral ACC activity when attending to angry faces compared to neutral faces.
  • This association was not observed for fearful faces.

Conclusions:

  • The rostral ACC plays a role in emotional salience assessment and attentional control.
  • Decreased ACC activation in relation to higher trait anxiety for angry faces indicates reduced attentional control for interpersonal threat signals in healthy individuals.