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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine
05:59

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine

Published on: December 4, 2015

Emerging swine zoonoses.

Tara C Smith1, Abby L Harper, Rajeshwari Nair

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. tara-smith@uiowa.edu

Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)
|March 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Swine are a significant source of emerging infectious diseases transmissible to humans. This review examines novel swine-associated microbes and their public health risks.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine
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Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model
07:26

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model

Published on: July 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Zoonotic disease epidemiology
  • Microbial ecology in livestock
  • One Health perspectives

Background:

  • Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are frequently zoonotic, originating in animal populations.
  • Swine are recognized as a potential reservoir for novel pathogens with pandemic potential.
  • Human exposure to swine pathogens occurs through direct contact or consumption of contaminated products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recently identified microbes associated with swine.
  • To discuss the public health implications of swine-associated zoonotic diseases.
  • To highlight the role of swine in the emergence of infectious diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of emerging microbial threats linked to swine populations.
  • Synthesis of data on transmission routes and public health impact.

Main Results:

  • Identification of various novel zoonotic pathogens originating from swine.
  • Assessment of transmission dynamics from swine to human populations.
  • Evaluation of the public health burden and risks associated with these pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Swine play a critical role in the emergence and transmission of zoonotic infectious diseases.
  • Effective surveillance and control strategies are crucial for mitigating public health risks.
  • Interdisciplinary approaches (One Health) are essential for managing swine-associated EIDs.