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Disease resistance in Merino sheep. II. RFLPs in Class IIMHC and their association with resistance to footrot
A M Litchfield1, H W Raadsma, D J Hulme
1Department of Animal Science, The University of Sydney; Department of Animal Health, The University of Sydney, Camden and C.S.I.R.O., Division of Animal Health, McMaster Laboratory, PMB, Glebe, Australia.
Summary:
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II region was examined in 83 sheep. Two restriction enzymes (TaqI and PvuII) and two human cDNA probes (DQα-folke and DRβ-malta) were used to probe Southern blots from all sheep. In addition, a second human DRβ probe (signe) and the restriction enzyme, EcoRI, were used for 15 sheep to match previously published polymorphism in sheep using the same probe/enzyme combination. All sheep were part of an experiment in which footrot was experimentally induced and then controlled through vaccination with an homologous rDNA pilus vaccine. The four main probe/enzyme combinations detected extensive polymorphism; in total 74 bands were detected of which only 2 were present in all sheep. A similar level of polymorphism was also seen with the EcoRI/DRβ-signe probe/enzyme combination, which was greater than previously published for sheep, cattle or goats. After accounting for cross-hybridising bands, the sheep DRβ region appeared to be more polymorphic than the DQα region. Similarly the TaqI restriction enzyme revealed more polymorphism than the PvuI enzyme (40 and 34 bands respectively). For all 74 bands, 7 main clusters were identified both within and across probe/enzyme combinations. After removing bands/clusters which were of extreme frequency (< 0.10 and > 0.90), a total of 53 bands/clusters were analysed for their potential association with footrot and antibody responses. One band was significantly associated with susceptibility to footrot over the 27-week period during which footrot was measured. In addition, two single bands and one cluster were significantly (P > 0.001) associated with residual footrot infection after vaccination. Nine bands/clusters were associated with antibody titre during infection, and one cluster with antibody titre after vaccination. These results suggest a possible involvement for genetic polymorphism within the ovine Class II region in variation in response to footrot. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Krankheitsresistenz bei Merinos, II. RFLP's in Klasse II MHC und ihre Verbindung mit der Moderhinkeresistenz Restriktionsfragmentlängenpolymorphismus (RFLP) innerhalb des Haupthistokompatibilitätskomplexes (MHC) Klasse II Region wurde bei 83 Schafen untersucht. Zwei Restriktionsenzyme (TaqI und PvuII) und zwei humane cDNA-Sonden (DQα-folke und DRβ-malta) wurden für Southern blots bei allen Schafen verwendet. Zusätzlich wurde eine zweite humane DRβ-Sonde (signe) und das Restriktionsenzym EcoRI bei 15 Schafen zum Vergleich mit früher publizierten Polymorphismus mit den selben Enzym/Sondenkombinationen durchgeführt. Alle Schafe waren Teil eines Versuches, in welchem Moderhinke experimentell induziert und dann durch Vaccination mit homologer rDNA-pilus vaccine bekämpft worden war. Die 4 Enzym/Sondenkombinationen entdeckten extensiven Polymorphismus. Insgesamt 74 Banden wurden entdeckt, wovon nur zwei in allen Schafen vorhanden waren. Ein ähnliches Ausmaß von Polymorphismus wurde auch mit der EcoRI/DRβ-signe Enzym/Sondenkombination entdeckt, das größer war als bisher für Schafe, Rinder oder Ziegen publiziert. Nach Berücksichtigung der Kreuz-Hybridisierungsbande scheint die Schaf-DRβ-Region stärker polymorph als die DQα-Region zu sein. Ähnlicherweise zeigte das TaqI Restriktionsenzym mehr Polymorphismus als das PvuII Enzym (40 bzw. 34 Bande). Bei allen 74 Banden wurden sieben Hauptkluster identifiziert, sowohl innerhalb als auch über Enzym/Sondenkombinationen. Nach Entfernung von Banden/Kluster mit extremen Häufigkeiten (< 0,10 bzw. > 0.9) wurden insgesamt 53 Bande/Kluster hinsichtlich ihrer potentiellen Verbindung mit Moderhinke und Antikörperreaktion analysiert. Ein Band war signifikant mit Moderhinkeempfindlichkeit während der 27-Wochenperiode assoziiert. Zusätzlich waren zwei einzelne Bande und ein Kluster signifikant (p > 0,001) assoziiert mit Moderhinkeinfektion nach der Impfung. 9 Band/Kluster waren mit Antikörperspiegel während der Infektion verbunden und ein Kluster mit Antikörperspiegel nach Impfung. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf Zusammenhang des genetischen Polymorphismus innerhalb der ovinen Klasse II-Region mit Variabilität im Moderhinkeverlauf.
Insights
Genetic variations in sheep's Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II region were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Specific genetic markers were found to be associated with susceptibility and resistance to footrot following vaccination.
Area of Science:
- Immunogenetics
- Animal Genetics
- Veterinary Science
Background:
- Footrot is a significant disease in sheep, impacting flock health and productivity.
- Genetic factors, particularly within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), are known to influence disease resistance.
- Understanding ovine MHC Class II polymorphism can provide insights into footrot susceptibility and vaccine efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the genetic polymorphism within the ovine MHC Class II region.
- To identify specific genetic markers associated with susceptibility and resistance to experimentally induced footrot.
- To explore the relationship between MHC Class II polymorphism and antibody responses post-vaccination.
Main Methods:
- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed on DNA from 83 sheep.
- Human cDNA probes (DQα-folke, DRβ-malta, DRβ-signe) and restriction enzymes (TaqI, PvuII, EcoRI) were used for Southern blotting.
- Association analysis was conducted between detected DNA bands/clusters and footrot incidence, residual infection, and antibody titres.
Main Results:
- Extensive polymorphism was detected in the ovine MHC Class II region, with 74 bands identified across probe/enzyme combinations.
- One specific band was significantly associated with increased susceptibility to footrot over a 27-week period.
- Several bands and clusters showed significant associations with residual footrot infection and antibody responses after vaccination.
Conclusions:
- Genetic polymorphism within the ovine MHC Class II region plays a role in the variation of footrot response.
- Identified genetic markers may serve as indicators for footrot susceptibility or resistance in sheep.
- These findings contribute to understanding the genetic basis of disease resistance and improving vaccination strategies.
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