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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a polypeptide...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Design of interacting multi-stable nucleic acids for molecular information processing.

Effirul I Ramlan1, Klaus-Peter Zauner

  • 1Faculty of Science Computer and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. effirul@um.edu.my

Bio Systems
|March 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel algorithm for designing self-assembling nucleic acid molecules. This macromolecular approach offers advantages over silicon-based computing for future information processing technologies.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

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Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures

Published on: June 26, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biomolecular computing
  • Information processing technologies
  • Macromolecular materials

Background:

  • Current silicon-based computing faces limitations in areas like cognitive systems and micro-robotics.
  • Biological systems utilize information processing with superior power efficiency, integration density, and real-time handling of ambiguous data.
  • Macromolecular materials offer unique properties for information processing, leveraging conformational dynamics and self-assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of current computing paradigms by exploring alternative substrates.
  • To develop a computational method for designing self-assembling macromolecular systems for information processing.
  • To investigate the potential of nucleic acid molecules as a substrate for advanced computing.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of a novel algorithm for designing self-assembling nucleic acid molecules with multiple conformational states.
  • Evaluation of the algorithm's performance using both naturally occurring and artificially designed nucleic acid molecules.
  • Comparison of the algorithm's efficacy against a probabilistic design approach.

Main Results:

  • The developed algorithm significantly outperforms the probabilistic approach in designing functional nucleic acid molecules.
  • Generated candidate molecules exhibit thermodynamic properties comparable to existing custom-designed molecular switches.
  • Demonstrated feasibility of designing complex self-assembling nucleic acid systems for computation.

Conclusions:

  • Macromolecular materials, particularly nucleic acids, present a viable and promising alternative substrate for information processing.
  • The developed algorithm provides a powerful tool for designing bespoke macromolecular systems for advanced computing applications.
  • This research paves the way for next-generation computing technologies inspired by biological principles.