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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Ultrasound-guided Intracardiac Injection of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Increase Homing to the Intestine for Use in Murine Models of Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
07:45

Ultrasound-guided Intracardiac Injection of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Increase Homing to the Intestine for Use in Murine Models of Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Published on: September 1, 2017

Mesenchymal stem cells and autoimmune diseases.

Francesco Dazzi1, Mauro Krampera

  • 1Stem Cell Biology, Haematology Centre, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK. f.dazzi@imperial.ac.uk

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Haematology
|March 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases but require specific inflammatory conditions for immunosuppression. Their effectiveness in chronic conditions depends on understanding the local tissue environment for optimal "licensing".

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

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Ultrasound-guided Intracardiac Injection of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Increase Homing to the Intestine for Use in Murine Models of Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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Isolation, In Vitro Expansion, and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Mouse Epididymal Adipose Tissue
04:53

Isolation, In Vitro Expansion, and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Mouse Epididymal Adipose Tissue

Published on: January 12, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunosuppressive properties beneficial for autoimmune diseases.
  • In vitro studies and preclinical models show MSCs can inhibit immune responses and prevent disease induction.
  • However, human autoimmune diseases involve complex pathogenesis and chronic inflammation, complicating MSC therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the inflammatory environment in modulating MSC function in autoimmune diseases.
  • To determine the conditions under which MSCs exert immunosuppressive versus immunostimulatory effects.
  • To identify optimal therapeutic windows for MSC administration in chronic inflammatory disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of MSC interactions within inflammatory microenvironments.
  • Investigation of MSC 'licensing' by inflammatory mediators like IFNγ and TNF-α.
  • Evaluation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand effects on MSC immunomodulation.

Main Results:

  • MSCs are not constitutively immunosuppressive; they require 'licensing' by acute phase inflammation molecules (e.g., IFNγ, TNF-α) or TLR ligands.
  • Specific cytokines and TLR stimulation can alternatively render MSCs immunostimulatory.
  • Endogenous MSCs recruited to chronic inflammatory lesions may contribute to fibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • The therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in autoimmune diseases is highly dependent on the specific inflammatory milieu.
  • Understanding the local inflammatory environment is crucial for successful MSC therapy, particularly in chronic conditions.
  • Targeted modulation of the inflammatory environment may be necessary to achieve desired MSC immunosuppressive effects.