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Related Concept Videos

Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
Bending of Curved Members - Strain Analysis01:14

Bending of Curved Members - Strain Analysis

The mechanics of deformation in curved members, such as beams or arches, under bending moments, involve complex responses. When such a member, symmetric about the y-axis and shaped like a segment of a circle centered at point C, is subjected to equal and opposite forces, its curvature and surface lengths change significantly. This alteration results in the shift of the curvature's center from C to C', indicating a tighter curve.
The important part of bending analysis for such a member is the...
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Measuring Local Tissue Strains in Tendons via Open-Source Digital Image Correlation
07:50

Measuring Local Tissue Strains in Tendons via Open-Source Digital Image Correlation

Published on: January 27, 2023

Local strain and damage mapping in single trabeculae during three-point bending tests.

R Jungmann1, M E Szabo, G Schitter

  • 1Physics Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|March 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Assessing bone fracture risk using trabecular microarchitecture is more effective than bone mineral density. This study directly measures local strains to understand microdamage and plastic deformation in single trabeculae, informing future finite element analysis models.

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Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes
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Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Measuring Local Tissue Strains in Tendons via Open-Source Digital Image Correlation
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Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes
06:56

Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes

Published on: May 23, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Bone mineral density (BMD) has limited value in diagnosing bone fracture risk.
  • Trabecular microarchitecture information shows promise for improving fracture risk assessment.
  • Current finite element analysis (FEA) models lack experimental validation for microdamage and plastic deformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a strategy for developing future FEA damage models.
  • To directly measure local strains during microdamage initiation and plastic deformation in single trabeculae.
  • To correlate stress whitening with quantitative local strain values.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized digital image correlation (DIC) to link stress whitening to local strain.
  • Applied a three-point bending test to trabecular bone samples.
  • Measured local strains in areas of stress whitening.

Main Results:

  • Stress whitening, indicative of damage, correlated with elevated tensile strains parallel to the sample's long axis.
  • Average local strains at whitening onset were (1.6±0.9)%.
  • Average local strains just prior to failure were (12±4)%.
  • Damage initiation in trabecular bone is asymmetric, with failure originating and propagating under tensile strain.

Conclusions:

  • Direct measurement of local strains provides a basis for validating FEA damage models.
  • Trabecular bone damage initiation is asymmetric, with tensile strains playing a significant role.
  • This approach can lead to more accurate fracture risk prediction by informing FEA models.