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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

High Throughput Sequential ELISA for Validation of Biomarkers of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

High Throughput Sequential ELISA for Validation of Biomarkers of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Published on: October 31, 2012

Enzyme based assays in a sequential injection format: a review.

Cristina I C Silvestre¹, Paula C A G Pinto, Marcela A Segundo

¹REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.

Analytica Chimica Acta

|March 15, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sequential injection analysis automates enzyme assays for enzyme activity evaluation and analyte determination. This review highlights enzyme manipulation, selectivity enhancement, and miniaturization trends like lab-on-valve technology.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry

Background:

Sequential injection analysis (SIA) is widely used for enzyme-based assays.
Automation of enzymatic assays is crucial for efficiency and accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the prominent aspects of automated enzymatic assays in SIA systems.
To discuss enzyme manipulation, selectivity enhancement, and recent trends.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on SIA for enzymatic assays.
Comparison of SIA with batch and flow injection methodologies.
Focus on enzyme immobilization and detection strategies.

Main Results:

SIA offers efficient automation for enzyme activity and analyte determination.
Enzyme manipulation in homogeneous and heterogeneous media impacts assay performance.
Miniaturization, including lab-on-valve and bead injection, are emerging trends.

Conclusions:

SIA provides a versatile platform for automated enzymatic assays.
Strategies for enzyme manipulation and selectivity enhancement are key.
Miniaturization and novel injection concepts promise further advancements.