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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
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Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

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A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

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Published on: August 12, 2020

Stroke patterns in neonatal group B streptococcal meningitis.

Marta I Hernández1, Carmen C Sandoval, Jose L Tapia

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Pediatric Neurology
|March 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal group B streptococcus meningitis can cause brain damage. This study identified specific imaging patterns of stroke in affected newborns, highlighting a potentially treatable cause of poor neurologic outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
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Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats
07:56

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats

Published on: April 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Neurology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Neonatal group B streptococcus meningitis is a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality.
  • Cerebrovascular complications are common but poorly understood in this condition.
  • Identifying imaging patterns of stroke may reveal modifiable pathophysiologic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and characterize imaging patterns of focal brain infarction in term neonates diagnosed with group B streptococcus meningitis.
  • To correlate these imaging findings with clinical presentation and neurologic outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A consecutive case series of term neonates with bacterial meningitis and confirmed group B streptococcus infection.
  • Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed within 14 days of diagnosis.
  • Focal intraparenchymal infarctions with restricted diffusion were identified and classified by location (deep perforator vs. superficial cortical).

Main Results:

  • Eight neonates (50% female) with focal infarction were identified.
  • Two main stroke patterns were observed: deep perforator arterial stroke (88%) and superficial cortical injury (75%).
  • Poor neurologic outcomes, including severe disability or death, occurred in 75% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizable patterns of focal brain infarction are associated with neonatal group B streptococcus meningitis.
  • These stroke patterns contribute to severe neurologic morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding these cerebrovascular changes may lead to targeted, modifiable therapeutic strategies.