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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

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3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity
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3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

Published on: May 18, 2020

Short-term synaptic plasticity and intensity coding.

Katrina M MacLeod1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. macleod@umd.edu

Hearing Research
|March 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Short-term synaptic plasticity shapes neural circuit information flow. In the brain stem auditory system, the intensity pathway balances synaptic depression and facilitation for linear coding of sound intensity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) modulates information processing in neural circuits.
  • The brain stem auditory pathways offer a model for studying STP's role in neural coding.
  • Different pathways exhibit distinct STP properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on differential STP in brain stem auditory pathways.
  • To emphasize the functional implications of STP in the 'intensity' pathway.
  • To discuss STP's contribution to intensity-related information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on short-term synaptic plasticity.
  • Comparative analysis of STP in auditory pathways, focusing on 'timing' vs. 'intensity' pathways.
  • Discussion of presynaptic plasticity mechanisms and their regulation.

Main Results:

  • The 'timing' pathway is dominated by short-term depression.
  • The 'intensity' pathway exhibits a balance of short-term depression and facilitation.
  • This balance enables linear transmission of rate-coded intensity information.

Conclusions:

  • Target-specific regulation of presynaptic plasticity underlies differential STP.
  • STP in the intensity pathway is crucial for processing interaural level differences, amplitude modulation, and gain control.
  • Understanding STP is key to deciphering intensity coding in the auditory system.