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Related Concept Videos

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue
09:27

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Published on: March 23, 2015

piRNAs meet mitochondria.

Alexei A Aravin1, David C Chan

  • 1California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. aaa@caltech.edu

Developmental Cell
|March 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria-specific enzyme zuc/MitoPLD is crucial for silencing transposable elements via Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathways in germlines. This suggests mitochondria signaling impacts piRNA-mediated gene silencing.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria possess unique lipids, including cardiolipin, which is hydrolyzed by the zuc/MitoPLD enzyme.
  • Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are essential for germline genome integrity by silencing transposable elements.

Discussion:

  • The study reveals an unexpected role for zuc/MitoPLD, an enzyme localized to mitochondria, in the piRNA pathway.
  • Mitochondrial cardiolipin hydrolysis by zuc/MitoPLD is required for effective piRNA-mediated silencing of transposable elements in both fly and mouse germlines.

Key Insights:

  • Mitochondrial signaling pathways are directly implicated in regulating the piRNA-mediated silencing of transposable elements.
  • The enzyme zuc/MitoPLD links mitochondrial function to germline gene regulation.

Outlook:

  • Further research can elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms by which mitochondria signal to influence the piRNA pathway.
  • Investigating this cross-talk may reveal novel therapeutic targets for genome instability-related disorders.