Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Subconsciousness and No Awareness01:15

Subconsciousness and No Awareness

The concept of subconscious awareness refers to the processing of information below the level of conscious thought, which significantly influences both behaviors and decisions. It is also known as waking subconscious awareness. This complex level of cognition operates without the direct awareness of the individual, facilitating rapid and simultaneous handling of multiple information streams.
An illustrative example of subconscious processing is its role in problem-solving. Often, individuals...
Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Experiences of absorption and smooth performance during flow are linked to different aspects of creative thinking.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same author

The interoceptive origins of mental imagery: an evolutionary account.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Interoception predicts mental imagery vividness: exploring a key relationship.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

An integration model of mental imagery and aphantasia: Conceptual framework, neuromechanistic pathways, and clinical implications.

Neuropsychologia·2026
Same author

Should aphantasia be rehabilitated? The case for subtype-specific interventions.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same author

New evidence and challenges in ERP and MEG correlates of consciousness in vision: A systematized review.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

When one part feels, the whole belongs: associations between local touch referral and illusory full-limb ownership in individuals with leg amputation.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same journal

Inhibitory control and mind wandering; more difficult inhibition decreases mind wandering, within limits.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same journal

Autism and Aphantasia.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same journal

Absolute pitch and sound-color synesthesia provide for unique learning opportunities.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same journal

Could we perceive the world differently than we do? Neuroscience-based emergentism and the biological function of consciousness.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same journal

Motivational intensity in positive emotion and observation-based false memory: the role of action simulation.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

Relationship between visual binding, reentry and awareness.

Mika Koivisto1, Juha Silvanto

  • 1Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Turku, Finland. mika.koivisto@utu.fi

Consciousness and Cognition
|March 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Late reentrant processing is crucial for visual feature binding, but not phenomenal awareness. Binding errors can occur even when features are consciously perceived, highlighting complex visual processing.

More Related Videos

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation
10:41

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation
10:41

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Visual feature binding, the process by which distinct visual attributes are integrated into coherent objects, is theorized to rely on reentrant processing.
  • The interplay between binding, reentrant processing, and phenomenal visual awareness remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between visual feature binding, reentrant processing, and phenomenal visual awareness.
  • To determine the necessity of late reentrant processes for successful feature binding and conscious awareness.

Main Methods:

  • Participants discriminated color and orientation of a target bar, alone or with a distractor, reporting phenomenal awareness.
  • Reentrant processing success was manipulated using object substitution masking and backward masking techniques.
  • Analysis focused on binding accuracy, awareness reports, and the occurrence of illusory conjunctions.

Main Results:

  • Late reentrant processes were found to be essential for successful visual feature binding.
  • These late reentrant processes were not necessary for achieving phenomenal awareness of bound features.
  • Binding errors (illusory conjunctions) were consciously experienced, indicating awareness of misbound features.

Conclusions:

  • Early preattentive binding and local recurrent processing facilitate features reaching phenomenal awareness.
  • Later, attention-related reentrant iterations influence how features are bound and experienced consciously.
  • Distinction between mechanisms for binding and mechanisms for phenomenal awareness is supported.