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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
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Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large number of different...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...

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Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
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Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Published on: December 14, 2017

New nuclear build and evolving radiation protection challenges.

Edward Lazo1

  • 1Division of Radiation Protection and Radioactive Waste Management, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, 12, boulevard des Iles, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France. lazo@nea.fr

Health Physics
|March 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Radiological protection is evolving to address future scientific and social challenges. This evolution is crucial for the anticipated growth in nuclear power generation and safe operations.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Nuclear Engineering
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Radiological protection practices continuously adapt to new scientific understanding and societal needs.
  • Emerging challenges necessitate ongoing evolution within the radiological protection community.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and discuss prospective scientific and social challenges in radiological protection over the next 10-20 years.
  • To analyze the potential impact of these challenges on the anticipated expansion of nuclear power.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current radiological protection standards and emerging research.
  • Analysis of societal trends and their intersection with nuclear technology.
  • Forecasting potential future challenges based on scientific and social factors.

Main Results:

  • Anticipation of increased demand for nuclear power for electricity generation.
  • Identification of key scientific challenges, including advancements in radiation detection and dosimetry.
  • Recognition of significant social challenges, such as public perception and regulatory adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • The radiological protection community must proactively address identified challenges to support safe nuclear power expansion.
  • Adaptability in scientific approaches and social engagement is paramount for future radiological protection.
  • Successful navigation of these challenges will be critical for the sustainable growth of nuclear energy.