Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 3, 2026
09:30
Synthetic Antigen Controls for Immunohistochemistry
Published on: August 23, 2021
Production of antisera to synthetic peptides
1Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK.
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 15, 2011
Abstract:
The objective of immunization is to produce polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies that react with a chosen molecule. Immunization may be in vivo by injecting antigen into animals to produce antisera or to provide B-lymphocytes for immortalization as hybridomas, or alternatively, in vitro using splenocytes from untreated animals (1) for subsequent fusion with myeloma cells to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs).
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01:31Hybridoma Technology
Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation, polyethylene glycol...
Hybridoma Selection
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01:30Production of Pharmaceuticals
Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...