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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

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Published on: April 16, 2015

TRAF6 directs commitment to regulatory T cells in thymocytes.

Yusuke Shimo1, Hiromi Yanai, Daisuke Ohshima

  • 1Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo Japan.

Genes to Cells : Devoted to Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms
|March 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is essential for the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the thymus. TRAF6 deficiency impairs Treg commitment in thymocytes, highlighting its cell-intrinsic role in maintaining self-tolerance.

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Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are vital for maintaining immunological self-tolerance.
  • Defects in Treg development or function are linked to autoimmune diseases.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms governing Treg development in the thymus remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of TRAF6 in the development of thymic Tregs.
  • To investigate the cell-intrinsic requirement of TRAF6 in Treg differentiation.
  • To understand the molecular basis of Treg development and its implications for autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized TRAF6-deficient mice to study Treg development.
  • Employed in vitro fetal thymic organ culture (FTOC) experiments.
  • Conducted mixed fetal liver transfer experiments to assess hematopoietic cell-intrinsic effects.
  • Investigated TGFβ-dependent Foxp3 induction in CD4(+) T cells.

Main Results:

  • TRAF6-deficient mice exhibited a significant defect in thymic Treg development.
  • Absence of TRAF6 in thymic cells was responsible for the observed developmental defect.
  • Cell-intrinsic requirement for TRAF6 in Treg development was confirmed through fetal liver transfer experiments.
  • TRAF6 was found to be dispensable for conventional CD4(+) T cell development and TGFβ-induced Foxp3 expression.

Conclusions:

  • TRAF6 plays a critical, cell-intrinsic role in the commitment of immature thymocytes to the thymic Treg lineage.
  • This finding sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying Treg development and self-tolerance.
  • Understanding TRAF6's function may offer new avenues for therapeutic strategies targeting autoimmune diseases.