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Related Concept Videos

Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Affinity Purification of Influenza Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from the Chromatin of Infected Cells
11:20

Affinity Purification of Influenza Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from the Chromatin of Infected Cells

Published on: June 3, 2012

Cellular cap-binding proteins associate with influenza virus mRNAs.

Katja Bier1, Ashley York1, Ervin Fodor1

  • 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

The Journal of General Virology
|March 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Influenza virus mRNA interacts with host proteins like PABP1 and eIF4E, suggesting it uses cellular pathways for export and translation. The viral RNA polymerase is likely not part of the messenger ribonucleoprotein complex.

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A Miniaturized Glycan Microarray Assay for Assessing Avidity and Specificity of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinins
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A Miniaturized Glycan Microarray Assay for Assessing Avidity and Specificity of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinins

Published on: May 29, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Influenza virus RNA polymerase synthesizes genomic vRNA, cRNA, and mRNA.
  • Viral mRNAs are thought to associate with RNA polymerase for protection and translation regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association of viral and host factors with influenza viral mRNA.
  • To determine if RNA polymerase is part of the viral messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex.

Main Methods:

  • Standard immunoprecipitation
  • Biochemical purification
  • RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays

Main Results:

  • Viral mRNA associates with viral non-structural protein 1 (NS1).
  • Viral mRNA binds host factors: PABP1, NCBP1 (CBC), REF/Aly, and eIF4E.
  • Evidence suggests influenza RNA polymerase is not part of the viral mRNA-bound mRNP.

Conclusions:

  • Influenza viral mRNAs associate with cellular cap-binding proteins.
  • Viral mRNAs likely utilize host cell pathways for splicing, nuclear export, and translation.
  • A model is proposed where viral mRNAs follow cellular mRNA pathways.