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Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates
06:49

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Published on: April 12, 2019

Magnetic behaviour in Dy(1-x)Mm(x)Co2 compounds.

G Srinivas1, M Ellerby, N T Skipper

  • 1London Centre For Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK. gsrini@seas.upenn.edu

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|March 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Mischmetal (Mm) substitution in DyCo(2) compounds significantly alters magnetic properties. Increasing Mm content reduces magnetic ordering temperature, saturation magnetization, and cobalt moment, shifting the magnetic transition order.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Dysprosium cobalt (DyCo(2)) compounds exhibit interesting magnetic behaviors.
  • Understanding the impact of substitutions on these properties is crucial for materials development.
  • Mischmetal (Mm) is a rare-earth alloy often used as a substitute in magnetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the magnetic behavior of Dy(1-x)Mm(x)Co(2) compounds.
  • To analyze the effect of mischmetal (Mm) substitution on magnetic ordering and transitions.
  • To determine the influence of Mm on the cobalt sublattice magnetization.

Main Methods:

  • Temperature and field dependence of magnetization (M-T and M-H) measurements were performed.
  • Arrott plots (M(2) versus H/M) were utilized to analyze magnetic transitions.
  • Compositional series from x = 0 to 0.5 were studied.

Main Results:

  • A strong composition-dependent irreversibility was observed below the magnetic ordering temperature (T(C)).
  • The magnetic transition changed from first-order in DyCo(2) to second-order in Dy(0.5)Mm(0.5)Co(2).
  • Mischmetal substitution led to a reduction in T(C), saturation magnetization, and the cobalt moment.

Conclusions:

  • Mischmetal substitution significantly modifies the magnetic characteristics of DyCo(2) compounds.
  • The observed changes are attributed to variations in the cobalt sublattice moments.
  • The study provides insights into tuning magnetic properties through controlled substitution.