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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
Application of Integration: Problem Solving01:30

Application of Integration: Problem Solving

The process of breathing involves the periodic intake and expulsion of air, known as the respiratory cycle, which typically lasts about five seconds. Modeling the volume of air inhaled into the lungs as a function of time provides insight into both the dynamics and efficiency of pulmonary ventilation. This volume is determined by integrating the airflow rate over time, which captures the cumulative effect of air entering the lungs.Sinusoidal Model of AirflowAirflow during respiration is not...
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Fluid Pressure01:14

Fluid Pressure

In mechanical engineering, fluid pressure plays a critical role in designing systems that utilize liquid flow, such as hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves. When designing these systems, engineers must ensure they can withstand the forces created by fluid pressure to avoid damage or failure.
According to Pascal's law, a fluid at rest will generate equal pressure in all directions. This pressure is measured as a force per unit area, and its magnitude depends on the fluid's specific weight or...
Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs during...
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways
09:39

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways

Published on: May 9, 2016

Respiratory fluid mechanics.

James B Grotberg1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Michigan, 1107 Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA.

Physics of Fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)
|March 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This research explores respiratory fluid mechanics, focusing on two-phase flows for lung drug delivery and understanding lung sounds. Findings reveal insights into liquid plug dynamics and airway instabilities for improved respiratory therapies.

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Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique
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Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

Published on: May 15, 2013

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways
09:39

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways

Published on: May 9, 2016

Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique
13:10

Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

Published on: May 15, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Fluid mechanics
  • Respiratory physiology
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Respiratory fluid mechanics, particularly two-phase flows, are crucial for understanding lung function and disease.
  • Investigating these phenomena is key for developing effective therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review our group's research on respiratory fluid mechanics, focusing on two-phase flows.
  • To explore applications in normal and diseased lungs, and therapeutic delivery methods.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of liquid plug flow and rupture in airways and bifurcations.
  • Investigation of airway closure mechanisms like capillary-elastic instabilities.
  • Study of liquid film and surfactant dynamics in alveoli and thin viscous films.

Main Results:

  • Characterization of liquid plug dynamics for targeted lung delivery (surfactant, drug, gene, stem cells).
  • Identification of liquid plug rupture as a cause of airway epithelial damage and lung crackling sounds.
  • Discovery of "oscillating butter knife" effect for airway stabilization and the Grotberg-Borgas-Gaver shock in thin films.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding complex fluid dynamics in the respiratory system is vital for advancing lung disease treatment and drug delivery.
  • The research provides foundational insights into phenomena ranging from cellular damage to therapeutic stabilization techniques.