Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quantitative Analysis of Vitreo-Macular Adhesion in Diabetic Patients Without Proliferative Retinopathy.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Smartphone fundus photography: Optics revisited.

The National medical journal of India·2026
Same author

American Heart Association/American Stroke Association 2026 Guideline for the Early Management of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: Pediatric Perspective.

Indian pediatrics·2026
Same author

Tyrosine Kinase Receptors, Inhibition, and Potential Role in the Pharmacotherapy of Retinal Disorders.

Ophthalmology and therapy·2026
Same author

Pediatric Retinal Vasculitis: Major Review.

Seminars in ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Thermal Melting of a 25-Gauge Chandelier Tip: A Novel Intraoperative Salvage.

Ophthalmology. Retina·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Fundal changes in children receiving Vigabatrin.

Devendra Mishra1, Veena Kalra, Pradeep Venkatesh

  • 1Child Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110 029, India. drdmishra@gmail.com

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|March 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocular toxicity from Vigabatrin (VGB) can cause visual field defects. Simple ophthalmoscopy in pediatric patients detected surface wrinkling retinopathy and abnormal macular reflexes, indicating VGB

More Related Videos

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns
07:39

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns

Published on: October 24, 2019

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation
08:02

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Published on: August 14, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns
07:39

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns

Published on: October 24, 2019

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation
08:02

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Published on: August 14, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Vigabatrin (VGB) is an antiepileptic drug associated with visual field defects.
  • Assessing visual fields in young children and those with cognitive impairments is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ophthalmoscopic abnormalities in pediatric patients undergoing Vigabatrin therapy.
  • To determine if simple ophthalmoscopy can detect ocular toxicity from VGB.

Main Methods:

  • Ophthalmoscopy was performed on seven pediatric patients receiving VGB.
  • Patients had a median VGB treatment duration of 9 months (range, 3-32 months).

Main Results:

  • Two out of seven patients (33.3%) exhibited abnormal ophthalmoscopic findings.
  • Abnormalities included surface wrinkling retinopathy and abnormal macular reflexes.
  • Findings align with previous reports on VGB ocular toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Simple ophthalmoscopy is effective in identifying ocular toxicity associated with Vigabatrin.
  • Ophthalmological examination aids in managing antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy in patients on VGB.