Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence01:20

Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Shared neural representation between motor execution and kinesthetic imagery in the primary motor cortex.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Template-based RNA structure prediction advanced through a blind code competition.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Impact of Surgical Intervention in Patients With Macrolide-Resistant Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease: A Multicentre Study.

European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery·2026
Same author

Morphological Analysis of Intratesticular Structures Affecting Hamster Testicular Stiffness.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2025
Same author

Association between immunity and antimicrobial treatment resistance in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: a multicenter observational study.

BMC infectious diseases·2025
Same author

Real-time fMRI neurofeedback boosts heartbeat perception by modulating insula activation pattern during interoceptive attention.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear
09:20

Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear

Published on: July 3, 2025

[Genetic research about Mycobacterium avium complex].

Kenji Ogawa1

  • 1Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Higashinagoya National Hospital, 5-101, Umemorizaka, Meito-ku, Nagoyashi, Aichi 465-8620, Japan. ogawak@toumei.hosp.go.jp

Kekkaku : [Tuberculosis]
|March 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Mycobacterium avium tandem repeat (MATR)-VNTR typing method offers superior discrimination for M. avium strains compared to other methods. This cost-effective technique aids in tracking M. avium infections and understanding disease transmission.

More Related Videos

Identification of Mycobacterium Species by DNA Microarray Chip Method
06:27

Identification of Mycobacterium Species by DNA Microarray Chip Method

Published on: June 24, 2025

Identification of Virulence Markers of Mycobacterium abscessus for Intracellular Replication in Phagocytes
08:34

Identification of Virulence Markers of Mycobacterium abscessus for Intracellular Replication in Phagocytes

Published on: September 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear
09:20

Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear

Published on: July 3, 2025

Identification of Mycobacterium Species by DNA Microarray Chip Method
06:27

Identification of Mycobacterium Species by DNA Microarray Chip Method

Published on: June 24, 2025

Identification of Virulence Markers of Mycobacterium abscessus for Intracellular Replication in Phagocytes
08:34

Identification of Virulence Markers of Mycobacterium abscessus for Intracellular Replication in Phagocytes

Published on: September 27, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections pose significant public health challenges.
  • Accurate epidemiological typing is crucial for understanding MAC transmission and pathophysiology.
  • Existing typing methods for M. avium and M. intracellulare have limitations in discriminatory power or availability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the discriminatory power of the Mycobacterium avium tandem repeat (MATR)-VNTR typing method for clinical M. avium isolates.
  • To compare MATR-VNTR with IS1245-RFLP and MIRU-VNTR typing methods.
  • To develop and assess a novel VNTR-based typing method for Mycobacterium intracellulare.

Main Methods:

  • MATR-VNTR typing was performed on 70 M. avium clinical isolates.
  • IS1245-RFLP and MIRU-VNTR typing were used for comparison.
  • Genetic analysis of M. avium isolates involved PCR detection of insertion sequences (IS901, IS1245, IS1311) and hsp65 gene sequencing.
  • Amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR was adapted for rapid detection of drug resistance mutations.
  • 25 VNTR loci were identified in the M. intracellulare genome, with 16 showing variations.

Main Results:

  • MATR-VNTR typing distinguished 56 patterns with a Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index (HGDI) of 0.990, outperforming IS1245-RFLP (0.960) and MIRU-VNTR (0.949).
  • Combined MATR-VNTR and IS1245-RFLP typing achieved an HGDI of 0.999.
  • Japanese M. avium isolates frequently carried IS901 (67%) and a novel insertion sequence, ISMav6.
  • A correlation was found between clarithromycin (CAM) drug susceptibility testing and 23S rRNA gene mutations in MAC isolates, with ARMS-PCR enabling rapid resistance detection.
  • The developed 16 VNTR loci for M. intracellulare distinguished 49 genotypes among 74 isolates, yielding an HGDI of 0.988 and demonstrating temporal stability.

Conclusions:

  • MATR-VNTR typing is a highly discriminatory, cost-effective, and easy-to-perform method for M. avium epidemiology in Japan.
  • The prevalence of ISMav6 in Japanese M. avium subsp. hominissuis suggests its potential role in virulence and increased infections.
  • ARMS-PCR is a valuable tool for rapid detection of CAM resistance in MAC.
  • The novel VNTR assay provides a robust epidemiological tool for M. intracellulare, enabling better tracking of infections.