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Anisotropic superfluidity in a dipolar Bose gas.

Christopher Ticknor¹, Ryan M Wilson, John L Bohn

¹Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|March 17, 2011

Summary

We investigated the superfluid properties of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (DBEC) in 2D. Critical velocities for drag and vortex creation depend on direction due to anisotropic interactions.

Area of Science:

Quantum physics
Condensed matter physics
Ultracold atomic gases

Background:

Dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (DBECs) exhibit unique properties due to long-range anisotropic interactions.
Understanding superfluidity in anisotropic systems is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the superfluid character of quasi-two-dimensional DBECs.
To explore the influence of anisotropic interactions on superfluid dynamics.
To identify critical velocities for phenomena like drag and vortex creation.

Main Methods:

Direct numerical simulations of a probe moving through a DBEC.
Analysis of the anisotropic dispersion relation.
Observation of roton-like mode manifestations.

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Main Results:

Sudden onset of drag or vortex-antivortex pair creation observed.
Critical velocities are strongly dependent on the direction of probe motion.
Anisotropic manifestation of a roton-like mode drives the observed directional dependence.

Conclusions:

The superfluidity of DBECs is highly anisotropic.
Direction-dependent critical velocities are a direct consequence of anisotropic interactions and roton-like modes.
Findings provide insights into controlling superfluid dynamics in anisotropic quantum systems.