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Related Concept Videos

Competition02:34

Competition

When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.Intraspecific competition, which occurs between individuals of the same species, serves as a natural mechanism for regulating population size. Too much...
Population Growth00:57

Population Growth

Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.However, realistic environmental conditions limit the number of...
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.Allopatric SpeciationIn allopatric speciation, gene flow between two populations of the same species is prevented by a geographic barrier, like...
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.Although predation is commonly associated with carnivory, for...
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.

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The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
06:48

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Published on: January 19, 2019

Pattern formation, synchronization, and outbreak of biodiversity in cyclically competing games.

Wen-Xu Wang1, Xuan Ni, Ying-Cheng Lai

  • 1School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|March 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Species migrations, both local and long-distance, can drive biodiversity through emergent target-wave patterns. These synchronized waves, even from single species, offer insights into self-organization and biodiversity maintenance.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • Species mobility is crucial for biodiversity across various scales.
  • Understanding microscopic migration's role in biodiversity is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how intra- and inter-patch migrations influence species coexistence.
  • To explore the emergence of biodiversity patterns from migration dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of intra- and inter-patch migrations into stochastic games of cyclic competition.
  • Analysis of target-wave pattern formation and synchronization phenomena.
  • Investigation of coexistence and extinction basins.

Main Results:

  • Interplay of local and global migrations promotes robust species coexistence via target-wave patterns.
  • Target waves emerge from mixed or isolated populations, irrespective of migration target.
  • Synchronization and time-delayed synchronization of target waves observed, enabling predictive insights.
  • Target waves can arise from rare mutations, leading to biodiversity outbreaks.

Conclusions:

  • Migration is a key driver of biodiversity and complex pattern formation.
  • Synchronization phenomena in target waves offer a novel mechanism for understanding ecological dynamics.
  • The study provides a theoretical framework for self-organization and order in natural systems.