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Related Concept Videos

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Bacterial Growth Curve01:28

Bacterial Growth Curve

The bacterial growth curve is a fundamental concept in microbiology that describes the dynamics of bacterial population growth in a closed system with controlled environmental conditions, such as temperature and nutrient availability. This curve is divided into four distinct phases: lag, log (exponential), stationary, and death phases, each reflecting a unique stage of bacterial adaptation and growth. During the lag phase, bacteria acclimate to their surroundings by synthesizing essential...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
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A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

Published on: September 28, 2022

Quarantine-generated phase transition in epidemic spreading.

C Lagorio1, M Dickison, F Vazquez

  • 1Departamento de Física, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata (IFIMAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|March 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Quarantine strategies can halt epidemic spread on social networks. A critical rewiring threshold prevents widespread disease transmission, with network structure influencing effectiveness.

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Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes

Published on: September 27, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Network Science
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Epidemic propagation is significantly influenced by social contact networks.
  • Understanding the impact of behavioral changes, like quarantine, is crucial for disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the critical effect of quarantine on epidemic propagation in adaptive social networks.
  • To analyze the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model with quarantine-induced link rewiring.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical approach and computer simulations.
  • Modeling quarantine as a rewiring process where susceptible individuals disconnect from infected neighbors.
  • Analyzing the phase transition at a critical rewiring threshold (w(c)).

Main Results:

  • A critical rewiring threshold w(c) exists, separating epidemic spread from containment.
  • Network topology, including mean degree and heterogeneity, affects w(c).
  • Preferential rewiring, proportional to infected node degree, reduces w(c).

Conclusions:

  • Quarantine, modeled as adaptive network rewiring, can effectively control epidemics.
  • Network characteristics play a vital role in determining the efficacy of quarantine measures.
  • Targeted quarantine strategies, like preferential rewiring, can enhance epidemic control.