High-throughput scintillation proximity assay for stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids and has been implicated in a number of disease states, including obesity and diabetes. To find small-molecule inhibitor leads, a high-throughput scintillation proximity assay (SPA) was developed using the hydrophobic binding characteristics of a glass microsphere scintillant bead to capture SCD1 from a crude lysate of recombinant SCD1 in Sf9 lysate coupled with the strong binding characteristics of an azetidine compound ([(3)H]AZE). The SPA assay was stable over 24 h and could detect compounds with micromolar to nanomolar potencies. A robust 1536-well high-throughput screening assay was developed with good signal-to-noise ratio (10:1) and excellent Z' factor (0.8). A screening collection of 1.6 million compounds was screened at 11 µM, and approximately 7700 compounds were identified as initial hits, exhibiting at least 35% inhibition of [(3)H]AZE binding. Further screening and confirmation with an SCD enzyme activity assay led to a number of new structural leads for inhibition of the enzyme. The SPA assay complements the enzyme activity assay for SCD1 as a tool for the discovery of novel leads in drug discovery.