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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Free-falling Bodies: Example01:05

Free-falling Bodies: Example

An object falling without any air resistance under the influence of gravitational force is said to be in free-fall. For free-falling bodies, the acceleration due to gravity is constant, irrespective of their mass. Free-fall is experienced not only by objects falling downward, but also by all objects whose motion is influenced by gravitational force alone. The dynamics of free-fall motion can be calculated using kinematic equations of motion, since free-fall acceleration is constant.
The...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
09:32

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

What do I do when bone hits the ground?

Benjamin Brownell1

  • 1Department of Podiatry, VA Central California Health Care System, 2615 E Clinton, Fresno, CA 93703, USA. benjamin.brownell@va.gov

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association
|March 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A surgeon dropped bone during a bunion correction. This case study discusses the lack of guidelines for decontaminating dropped bone in orthopedic surgery.

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Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
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Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
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Published on: April 11, 2018

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position
06:58

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position

Published on: August 17, 2017

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
10:08

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

Published on: April 18, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Podiatric Medicine
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Distal first metatarsal bunion correction requires careful stabilization of the capital fragment.
  • Accidental dropping of bone fragments during surgery is a potential risk.
  • Existing literature lacks evidence-based guidelines for managing dropped bone during orthopedic procedures.

Observation:

  • A surgeon inadvertently dropped the capital bone fragment during a distal first metatarsal bunion correction.
  • The surgeon requested the dropped bone be retrieved and prepared for re-implantation.
  • This event highlights a gap in established surgical protocols.

Findings:

  • The dropped bone was retrieved, cleaned, and successfully re-implanted.
  • The patient experienced a positive outcome with no reported complications.
  • This case demonstrates the feasibility of re-using a dropped bone fragment.

Implications:

  • There is a need for developing evidence-based guidelines for handling and decontaminating dropped bone in orthopedic surgery.
  • Establishing clear protocols can ensure patient safety and optimize surgical outcomes.
  • This case study serves as a foundation for future research into bone decontamination and re-implantation techniques.