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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

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Encoding memory of winter by noncoding RNAs.

Jae Bok Heo1, Sibum Sung

  • 1Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.

Epigenetics
|March 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vernalization, a cold-induced flowering mechanism, involves epigenetic changes to plant genes. In Arabidopsis, this process stably silences the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) gene, enabling flowering through Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) action.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Vernalization is a critical process in many plant species, enabling flowering after winter by prolonged cold exposure.
  • It represents a stable, epigenetic modification of meristem developmental potential, independent of the cold signal.
  • In Arabidopsis, vernalization leads to the epigenetic repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a key floral repressor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms underlying vernalization in Arabidopsis.
  • To investigate the role of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and histone modifications in FLC gene silencing.
  • To explore the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the vernalization response.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of epigenetic modifications at the FLC locus.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation to detect Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and H3K27me3 enrichment.
  • Investigation of long noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression and function during vernalization.

Main Results:

  • Vernalization induces stable epigenetic repression of the FLC gene in Arabidopsis.
  • Increased enrichment of PRC2 and H3K27me3 at FLC chromatin is essential for maintaining FLC repression.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are identified as conserved components in PRC2-mediated repression during vernalization.

Conclusions:

  • Vernalization is mediated by stable epigenetic changes involving PRC2 and H3K27me3 at the FLC locus.
  • Long noncoding RNAs play a conserved role in facilitating PRC2-mediated gene silencing during vernalization.
  • These findings highlight the intricate epigenetic regulation controlling plant flowering time.