Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 3, 2026
Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function
Published on: December 8, 2010
Locating perforator vessels by dynamic infrared imaging and flow Doppler with no thermal cold challenge
Xavier Tenorio1, Ajay L Mahajan, Badwi Elias
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Background:
Dynamic Infrared Imaging (DIRI) is a noninvasive technique that precisely analyzes the infrared radiation of any object. We used this technique to locate the dominant perforator vessels in flap surgery in conjunction with conventional Doppler.
Methods:
Ten patients scheduled for deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap and 6 for free-fibular flaps were selected. Perforator vessels were localized in the donor area, using Doppler and DIRI. The ability to locate the dominant perforators was compared between both techniques.
Results:
DIRI produced a precise map showing the location of the perforators and their area of perfusion at the skin level. Their dominance can be determined by their size. Flow Doppler located the perforators at the aponeurotic level without size and perfusion information.
Conclusions:
DIRI produces a skin thermographic map of perforator vessels and their perfusion area. Handheld Doppler locates perforators at the aponeurotic level. Their combination increases safety in the planning of perforator flap surgery.
