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Related Concept Videos

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines01:19

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...
CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines01:14

CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines

CNS depressants include drugs from the category of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. They are valuable medications for managing anxiety disorders and insomnia. Barbiturates, once used to induce and maintain sleep, have been replaced mainly by benzodiazepines due to barbiturate's toxicity, tolerance, and overdose risks. They interact with GABAA receptors, leading to sedation at low doses and potentially coma and death at higher doses. Phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate, possesses...
Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Adverse events after zolpidem intake.

R Thara1

  • 1Director, Schizophrenia Research Foundation(SARF), Plot No. R/7A, North Main Road, Anna Nagar (west extn), Chennai-600 101 scarf@vsnl.com.

Indian Journal of Psychiatry
|March 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Adverse reactions to Zolpidem, a common sleep aid, were reported in two cases. Both incidents involved a 10mg dose, with reactions occurring approximately 15 minutes after ingestion.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Toxicology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Zolpidem is a widely prescribed sedative-hypnotic medication used for insomnia.
  • Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can impact patient safety and treatment efficacy.
  • Understanding the specific ADRs associated with Zolpidem is crucial for clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report and analyze two distinct cases of adverse reactions to Zolpidem.
  • To highlight the temporal relationship between Zolpidem intake and the onset of adverse events.
  • To contribute to the pharmacovigilance data on Zolpidem.

Main Methods:

  • Case report methodology was employed.
  • Detailed clinical histories of two patients experiencing adverse reactions to Zolpidem were reviewed.
Keywords:
Zolpidemadverse effects

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  • The timing and dosage of Zolpidem administration were documented.
  • Main Results:

    • Two separate cases of adverse reactions to Zolpidem were identified.
    • In both instances, the adverse reaction occurred following a 10mg dosage of Zolpidem.
    • The onset of the adverse reactions was consistently observed around 15 minutes post-ingestion.

    Conclusions:

    • Zolpidem, even at a standard 10mg dose, can precipitate adverse reactions in susceptible individuals.
    • The rapid onset of reactions (approx. 15 minutes) suggests a swift pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic effect.
    • These case reports underscore the importance of monitoring patients for immediate adverse effects after Zolpidem administration.