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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Chest Physiotherapy01:24

Chest Physiotherapy

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT) is a therapeutic technique used in respiratory care to improve ventilation, clear bronchial secretions, and enhance the efficiency of respiratory muscles. This therapy includes three primary procedures: postural drainage, percussion, and vibration. It can be performed on spontaneously breathing patients and those who are intubated and mechanically ventilated.
Purpose
CPT is primarily used for patients with excessive bronchial secretions who have difficulty clearing...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

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Pneumothorax post paediatric chest drain removal.

P Stather1, H Cheshire, H Bogwandas

  • 1Cardiothoracic Department, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK. philstather@doctors.org.uk

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon
|March 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Updated guidelines and staff education significantly reduced pneumothorax after paediatric chest drain removal. The incidence dropped from 15.4% to 4.2%, highlighting the importance of proper technique and adherence to protocols for pediatric patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Pneumothorax is a significant complication after chest drain removal, potentially more frequent in pediatric patients due to poor breath-holding.
  • A prior pilot study reported a high pneumothorax rate of 15.4% in pediatric patients post-chest drain removal.
  • Updated guidelines and staff education were implemented to mitigate this risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of pneumothorax following pediatric chest drain removal after guideline and education updates.
  • To assess the effectiveness of revised protocols in reducing post-procedural pneumothorax rates in children.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective audit was conducted over six months at Glenfield Hospital.
  • Included 93 pediatric patients (18 years or under) who underwent chest drain insertion.
  • Data collected using a structured proforma, with 94/95 patients having post-removal radiographs.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of pneumothorax post-chest drain removal was 4.2% (4/93 patients).
  • All affected patients were under one year of age; three had cardiac surgery, and one had empyema.
  • The majority of admissions were for cardiac surgery (89%).

Conclusions:

  • The updated guidelines and staff education led to a significant reduction in pneumothorax incidence post-pediatric chest drain removal (4.2%).
  • Proper drain removal technique, adherence to guidelines, and prompt application of occlusive dressings are crucial for minimizing complications.
  • These findings underscore the importance of standardized protocols in pediatric thoracic procedures.