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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Visualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry
09:31

Visualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 7, 2019

Recent progress in understanding Alzheimer's β-amyloid structures.

Marcus Fändrich1, Matthias Schmidt, Nikolaus Grigorieff

  • 1Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding & Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany. fandrich@enzyme-halle.mpg.de

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|March 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Alzheimer's disease is linked to beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide assemblies. Recent advances in electron cryo-microscopy and NMR reveal atomic structures, improving our understanding of Aβ aggregation mechanisms.

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Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Visualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry
09:31

Visualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 7, 2019

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis involves beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide aggregation into fibrils, protofibrils, and oligomers.
  • The atomic structures of these Aβ assemblies are critical for understanding disease onset but have been challenging to determine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the atomic structures of beta-amyloid (Aβ) assemblies implicated in Alzheimer's disease.
  • To enhance the understanding of Aβ aggregation mechanisms and the role of specific conformers in neurodegeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced methodologies, including electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Analyzing high-resolution structural data to resolve fibril topology and secondary structural organization.

Main Results:

  • Recent progress has enabled the resolution of global fibril topology and cross-β sheet organization within protofilaments.
  • Identification of key residues stabilizing secondary structural elements and specific peptide conformations within assemblies.

Conclusions:

  • New structural insights significantly advance the understanding of Aβ aggregation mechanisms.
  • Specific Aβ conformers are increasingly recognized for their relevance in neurodegenerative pathologies like Alzheimer's disease.