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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical indicator of kidney health, reflecting how well the kidneys filter blood. Changes in GFR can signal potential kidney impairment, necessitating accurate measurement methods to monitor kidney function effectively.Various molecules can serve as markers for GFR measurement, with the ideal marker meeting several specific criteria. It must freely filter at the glomerulus, avoid reabsorption or secretion by the renal tubules, remain unmetabolized, not...
Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration01:02

Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration

The kidney serves as the primary organ responsible for eliminating drugs and their metabolites from the body. This process, known as renal elimination, starts with glomerular filtration and results in urine formation. Each kidney houses millions of functional units called nephrons, where urine production occurs. A nephron has two main components: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Drugs gain access to the kidney via the renal artery, which progressively branches off into afferent arterioles.
Determination of Renal Drug Clearance: Graphical and Midpoint Methods01:07

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Renal clearance, a crucial parameter in pharmacokinetics, can be determined using two different methods: the graphical method and the midpoint method. These methods provide insights into the rate of drug excretion by the kidneys and aid in assessing renal function.
The graphical method involves plotting the rate of drug excretion in urine against the plasma drug concentration. By analyzing the graph, the clearance can be calculated and obtained. Drugs rapidly excreted by the kidneys exhibit a...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance

In healthy individuals, serum creatinine levels remain stable due to a balance between its constant production—primarily from muscle metabolism—and renal excretion. Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomeruli, making it a valuable marker for estimating renal function. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the kidneys can only eliminate less creatinine, causing serum levels to rise.Serum creatinine concentration is widely used to estimate creatinine clearance (Clcr), a...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Estimation of Nephron Number in Whole Kidney using the Acid Maceration Method
08:15

Estimation of Nephron Number in Whole Kidney using the Acid Maceration Method

Published on: May 22, 2019

A design-based method for estimating glomerular number in the developing kidney.

Luise A Cullen-McEwen1, James A Armitage, Jens R Nyengaard

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.

American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
|March 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method using lectin histochemistry and the physical disector/fractionator principle allows unbiased estimation of total glomerular number (N(glom)) in developing kidneys. This breakthrough aids in understanding factors influencing nephron endowment and related adult diseases.

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An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
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An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

Published on: November 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Nephrology
  • Histology

Background:

  • Low glomerular (nephron) endowment is linked to adult cardiovascular and renal disease.
  • Nephrogenesis timing differs significantly between humans and rodents.
  • Existing methods lacked a design-based approach for estimating developing glomeruli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a design-based method for unbiased estimation of total glomerular number (N(glom)) in developing kidneys.
  • To characterize glomerular development in rat kidneys.
  • To model nephron endowment throughout kidney development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized lectin histochemistry to identify developing glomeruli.
  • Applied the physical disector/fractionator principle for unbiased estimation.
  • Analyzed kidneys from 76 rats across developmental stages.

Main Results:

  • Successfully identified developing glomeruli using lectin histochemistry.
  • Provided unbiased estimates of total glomerular number (N(glom)).
  • Developed a 5-parameter logistic equation to model N(glom) from embryonic day 17.25 to adulthood (r(2) = 0.98).

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first design-based method for estimating N(glom) in developing kidneys.
  • The method enables accurate characterization of nephron endowment development.
  • Findings contribute to understanding kidney development and disease risk.