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Related Concept Videos

Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales
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Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales

Published on: November 25, 2020

Transport through modes in random media.

Jing Wang1, Azriel Z Genack

  • 1Department of Physics, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367, USA.

Nature
|March 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex media excitations, like quantum levels and classical modes, were analyzed. Researchers decomposed microwave field speckle patterns, revealing destructive interference and harmonizing wave and particle diffusion descriptions.

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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales
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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Wave propagation in complex and disordered media.
  • Quantum chaos and random matrix theory.
  • Statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics.

Background:

  • Excitations in complex systems are superpositions of eigenstates (levels/modes).
  • Wigner's conjecture links energy level spacing statistics to random matrix eigenvalues, explaining neutron scattering spectra.
  • Thouless's parameter (average width/spacing ratio) describes metal-insulator transitions and Anderson localization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive modal description of wave propagation in complex media, overcoming spectral congestion.
  • To analyze the field speckle pattern of transmitted radiation.
  • To explain complexities in the transmission of localized waves and reconcile wave/particle diffusion.

Main Methods:

  • Decomposition of microwave field speckle patterns transmitted through randomly packed alumina spheres.
  • Identification of central frequency and linewidth for individual modes.
  • Analysis of correlations between modal field speckle patterns.

Main Results:

  • Successfully decomposed field speckle patterns into individual mode patterns.
  • Determined central frequency and linewidth for each mode.
  • Observed strong correlations between modal field speckle patterns, leading to destructive interference.
  • Explained steady-state and pulsed transmission complexities of localized waves.

Conclusions:

  • The modal decomposition provides a comprehensive understanding of wave propagation in complex media.
  • Destructive interference between modes is a key factor in localized wave transmission.
  • This work harmonizes wave and particle descriptions of diffusion in disordered systems.