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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

iPS Cell Differentiation

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: April 25, 2019

Purified mesenchymal stem cells are an efficient source for iPS cell induction.

Kunimichi Niibe¹, Yoshimi Kawamura, Daisuke Araki

¹Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

|March 18, 2011

Summary

Generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is challenging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adult mice offer a promising source for efficient generation of high-quality iPS cells, closely resembling embryonic stem cells.

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Area of Science:

Stem Cell Biology
Reproductive Biology
Genetics

Background:

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated from somatic cells using transcription factors.
Reprogramming efficiency and iPS cell quality remain significant challenges.
Identifying optimal cell types for high-quality iPS cell generation is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the efficiency and quality of iPS cells generated from different adult mouse cell types.
To identify a suitable cell source for efficient high-quality iPS cell generation.

Main Methods:

Generated iPS cells from adult mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteo-progenitors (OP cells).
Compared reprogramming efficiency and iPS clone quality between cell types.
Utilized Oct3/4, Sox2, and Klf4 for reprogramming.

Main Results:

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibited higher reprogramming efficiency than OP cells and Tail Tip Fibroblasts (TTFs).
iPS cells derived from MSCs showed gene expression profiles and germline transmission efficiency closest to embryonic stem cells.
PDGFRα+ Sca-1+ (PαS) MSCs were used for iPS cell generation.

Conclusions:

Purified, undifferentiated adult cells can yield high-quality iPS cells.
Prospectively enriched mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising source for efficient, high-quality iPS cell generation.
This study highlights MSCs as a valuable tool in stem cell research.