[Non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung with invasive Aspergillus infection after chemotherapy]

A 56-year-old woman had two years previously undergone a neck dissection and subsequent adjuvant radiotherapy for an adenocarcinoma at the base of the tongue (pT2NOMOG2) when a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) catheter had been placed. She was now admitted for chemotherapy, recent onset of severe pain in the left hip and knee having been caused by metastasis of a non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). She was cachectic and in a reduced general condition (Karnofsky index 80), but had recently only occasionally used the PEG catheter. There were no inflammatory changes of the skin at the site of the PEG.

The first chemotherapy cycle was initially without complication, but after a week the patient's general condition deteriorated and she developed nausea, fever and pain around the markedly inflamed site of the PEG catheter insertion. Laboratory tests indicated severe neutropenia. Intensive antibiotic and antimycotic treatment at first brought about some improvement, but she died 11 days after admission. Necropsy revealed invasive aspergillosis, with the PEG as the portal of entry and spreading to the stomach and intestines, where numerous hyphae were identified. There had also been a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.

Bacterial infections (and occasionally, but difficult to diagnose, fungal infection) are quite common as a result of neutropenia during chemotherapy of solid tumors. Various risk factors, including reduced general condition and weight loss, must be individually assessed in the prevention or treatment of associated infectious complications in such cases.