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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

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Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
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Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
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Vascular therapy for radiation cystitis.

Roberto Soler1, Alberto Vianello, Claudius Füllhase

  • 1Division of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Neurourology and Urodynamics
|March 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Neovascular-promoting therapies, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial cells (EC), effectively reduced fibrosis and maintained vascularization in radiation-induced cystitis in rats. This suggests potential for preventing and treating radiation-induced bladder damage.

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Published on: April 21, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Radiation cystitis stems from cellular and vascular damage, leading to fibrosis and inflammation.
  • Pelvic irradiation commonly causes radiation cystitis, impacting bladder tissue.
  • Understanding the pathological mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of neovascular-promoting therapy in mitigating radiation-induced bladder pathology.
  • To determine if vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or endothelial cells (EC) can reduce fibrosis and inflammation in irradiated bladders.
  • To assess the impact of these therapies on bladder wall vascularization and collagen deposition.

Main Methods:

  • Adult female rats received a 20 Gy bladder irradiation dose.
  • Four weeks post-irradiation, rats were treated with PBS, VEGF, or EC via bladder wall injection.
  • Bladders were analyzed for collagen and vascularization at 1.5 and 3 months; gene expression of angiogenesis, hypoxia, and fibrosis markers was assessed via qPCR.

Main Results:

  • Irradiation significantly increased the collagen/muscle ratio and decreased vessel counts in control bladders.
  • Both VEGF and EC treatments prevented collagen increase and maintained vessel counts compared to controls.
  • Quantitative PCR confirmed increased expression of neovascular markers (CD31, KDR) in VEGF and EC treated groups.

Conclusions:

  • Neovascular-promoting therapies, specifically VEGF and EC, show promise in combating radiation-induced cystitis.
  • These therapies may prevent and treat the pathological changes associated with radiation cystitis.
  • Angiogenesis therapy represents a potential strategy for managing radiation-induced bladder damage.